Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 110
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(4): 357-363, July-Aug. 2020. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137204

ABSTRACT

Abstract Study objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of bupivacaine and fentanyl citrate and to reveal the impact on antimicrobial effect potential in the case of combined use. Design: In vitro prospective study. Setting: University Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Measurements: In our study, in vitro antimicrobial effect of 0.05 mg.mL-1 fentanyl citrate, 5 mg.mL-1 bupivacaine were tested against Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 as Group F (Fentanyl Citrate) and Group B (Bupivacaine), respectively. S. aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were cultured onto Mueller Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) plates and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (Oxoid, UK) plates for 18-24 hours at 37 °C. Main results: In terms of inhibition zone diameters, S. Aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and C. albicans ATCC10231 values obtained after 12 and 24 hours of incubation ​​were significantly higher in Group F than Group B (p < 0.001). In terms of inhibition zone diameters, E. coli ATCC 25922, and K. pneumomiae ATCC 13883 values obtained after 12 and 24 hours of incubation ​​were significantly higher in Group B than Group F (p < 0.001, E. coli 12ª hour p = 0.005). Conclusions: Addition of fentanyl to Local Anesthetics (LAs) is often preferred in regional anesthesia applications in today's practice owing especially to its effect on decreasing the local anesthetic dose and increasing analgesia quality and patient satisfaction. However, when the fact that fentanyl antagonized the antimicrobial effects of LAs in the studies is taken into account, it might be though that it contributes to an increase in infection complications. When the fact that fentanyl citrate which was used in our study and included hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide as protective agents, broadened the antimicrobial effect spectrum of LAs, had no antagonistic effect and showed a synergistic antimicrobial effect against E. Coli is considered, we are of the opinion that the addition of fentanyl to LAs would contribute significantly in preventing the increasing regional anesthesia infection complications.


Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos antimicrobianos da bupivacaína e citrato de fentanil e revelar o impacto no potencial do efeito antimicrobiano no caso de uso combinado. Desenho: Estudo prospectivo in vitro. Local: Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica da Universidade. Medidas: Em nosso estudo, os efeitos antimicrobianos in vitro do citrato de fentanil na concentração de 0,05 mg.mL-1 - Grupo F e da bupivacaína na concentração de 5 mg.mL-1 - Grupo B foram testados em culturas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (do inglês American Type Culture Collection 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e Candida albicans ATCC 10231. As culturas de S. aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 foram semeadas em placas de ágar Mueller Hinton (Oxoid, Reino Unido), e a cultura de Candida albicans ATCC 10231 foi realizada em placa de ágar Sabouraud dextrose (Oxoid, Reino Unido) durante 18-24 horas a 37 °C. Principais resultados: Com relação ao diâmetro da zona de inibição, os valores de S. aureus ATCC 29213, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e C. albicans ATCC10231 obtidos após 12 e 24 horas de incubação foram significantemente maiores no Grupo F do que no Grupo B (p < 0,001). Os valores do diâmetro da zona de inibição das culturas de E. coli ATCC 25922 e K. pneumomiae ATCC 13883 obtidos após 12 e 24 horas de incubação foram significantemente maiores no Grupo B do que no Grupo F (p < 0,001, E. coli na 12ª hora p = 0,005) Conclusões: A preferência atual e frequente pela adição de fentanil aos Anestésicos Locais (AL) para a realização de anestesia regional se deve sobretudo à possibilidade de redução da dose do anestésico local, a melhora na qualidade da analgesia e a satisfação do paciente. No entanto, ao considerar estudos em que o fentanil antagonizou o efeito antimicrobiano dos AL, pode-se pensar que esse fato contribua para aumento de complicação infecciosa. O citrato de fentanil usado em nosso estudo, contendo ácido clorídrico e hidróxido de sódio como agentes conservantes, ampliou o espectro de efeitos antimicrobianos dos AL, não teve efeito antagônico e demonstrou efeito antimicrobiano sinérgico contra a E. coli. Acreditamos que a adição de fentanil aos anestésicos locais traria importante contribuição na prevenção das crescentes complicações por infecção da anestesia regional.


Subject(s)
Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Fentanyl/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Sodium Hydroxide/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Drug Synergism , Hydrochloric Acid/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(3): 220-224, May-June 2020. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137187

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The association between local anesthetics (LA) and neuromuscular blocking (NMB) drugs in clinical practice, and the possibility of interaction between these drugs has been investigated. LAs act on neuromuscular transmission in a dose-dependent manner and may potentiate the effects of NMB drugs. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an experimental model, the effect of lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission and the influence on neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium. Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighing from 250 to 300 g were used. The preparation was set up based on a technique proposed by Bülbring. Groups were formed (n = 5) according to the drug studied: lidocaine 20 µg.mL−1 (Group I); racemic bupivacaine 5 µg.mL−1 (Group II); atracurium 20 µg.mL−1 (Group III); atracurium 20 µg.mL−1 in a preparation previously exposed to lidocaine 20 µg.mL−1 and racemic bupivacaine 5 µg.mL−1, Groups IV and V, respectively. The following parameters were assessed: 1) Amplitude of hemi diaphragmatic response to indirect stimulation before and 60 minutes after addition of the drugs; 2) Membrane potentials (MP) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). Results: Lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine alone did not alter the amplitude of muscle response. With previous use of lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine, the neuromuscular blockade (%) induced by atracurium was 86.66 ± 12.48 and 100, respectively, with a significant difference (p = 0.003), in comparison to the blockade produced by atracurium alone (55.7 ± 11.22). These drugs did not alter membrane potential. Lidocaine initially increased the frequency of MEPPs, followed by blockade. With the use of bupivacaine, the blockade was progressive. Conclusions: Lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine had a presynaptic effect expressed by alterations in MEPPs, which may explain the interaction and potentiation of NMB produced by atracurium.


Resumo Introdução: A associação de anestésicos locais (AL) com bloqueadores neuromusculares (BNM) na prática clínica e a possibilidade de interação entre esses fármacos têm sido investigadas. Objetivo: Avaliar, em modelo experimental, o efeito da lidocaína e da bupivacaína racêmica na transmissão neuromuscular e sua influência no bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo atracúrio. Método: Ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, peso entre 250 e 300 g. A preparação foi feita de acordo com a técnica proposta por Bulbring. Grupos (n = 5) de acordo com o fármaco em estudo: lidocaína 20 µg.mL-1 (Grupo I); bupivacaína racêmica 5 µg.mL-1 (Grupo II); atracúrio 20 µg.mL-1 (Grupo III); atracúrio 20 µg.mL-1 em preparação previamente exposta a lidocaína 20 µg.mL-1 e bupivacaína racêmica 5 µg.mL-1, Grupos IV e V, respectivamente. Foram avaliados: 1) A amplitude das respostas do hemidiafragma à estimulação indireta antes e 60 minutos após a adição dos fármacos; 2) Os potenciais de membrana (PM) e os potenciais de placa terminal em miniatura (PPTM). Resultados: Os AL, isoladamente, não alteraram a amplitude das respostas musculares. Com o uso prévio dos AL, o bloqueio neuromuscular (%) do atracúrio foi 86,66 ± 12,48 e 100, respectivamente, com diferença significante (p= 0,003) em relação ao produzido pelo atracúrio isoladamente (55,7 ± 11,22). Não alteraram o PM. A lidocaína inicialmente aumentou a frequência dos PPTM, seguido de bloqueio; com a bupivacaína, o bloqueio foi progressivo. Conclusão: A lidocaína e a bupivacaína racêmica apresentaram efeito pré-sináptico expresso por alterações nos PPTM, podem justificar a potencialização do bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo atracúrio.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Atracurium/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Neuromuscular Junction/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Drug Interactions
3.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 8(3): e172, 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1087886

ABSTRACT

La anestesia local es una opción válida para realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos de pequeña o mediana consideración. Permite la deambulación y el alta precoz. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del uso de anestesia local y bloqueo de los nervios ilioinguinal e iliohipogástrico, en pacientes a quienes se les realizó cura operatoria de hernia inguinal, en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital "Dr. Francisco Antonio Rísquez", en el periodo octubre 2017 - octubre 2018. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal que incluyó 23 pacientes que aceptaron se le realizara la hernioplastia con anestesia local. Resultados: Se realizaron 46 curas operatorias de hernia inguinal, y en 23 se realizó con anestesia local (50 %). Predominaron pacientes masculinos (87 %), con una distribución bimodal en relación a la edad (26,1 % entre 30 y 39 años y entre 70 a 79 años). La hernia inguinal derecha fue la más frecuente con el 40 % (10 casos). Todos los pacientes reportaron una puntuación de 0-1 en la escala visual análoga, tanto en el transoperatorio como en el posoperatorio. El 96% de los pacientes logró una deambulación precoz (antes de 4 horas) y todos toleraron la vía oral antes de las dos horas en el posoperatorio. No se observó ninguna complicación en el transoperatorio; hubo 1 recidiva. Conclusiones: La cura operatoria de hernia inguinal con anestesia local, resultó ser efectiva y bien tolerada por los pacientes, brindando un reintegro casi inmediato a sus actividades, lo que representa una disminución en los costos intrahospitalarios(AU)


Local anesthesia is an option to perform surgical procedures of small or medium account. It allows the ambulation, and early discharge. Objective: To evaluate the results of the use of local anesthesia and nerve block ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric, in patients who underwent surgical cure of inguinal hernia, surgery of the Hospital "Dr. Francisco Antonio Rísquez" service, in the October 2017 period - October 2018. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study involving 23 patients who accepted it will be the hernioplasty under local anesthesia. Results: 46 surgical cure of inguinal hernia were performed, and in 23 was held with local anesthesia (50%). Dominated male patients (87%), with a bimodal distribution in relation to the age (26.1% between 30 and 39 years and between 70 to 79 years). Right inguinal hernia was the most frequent with 40% (10 cases). All patients reported a score of 0-1 in the Visual analog escale, both in the intraoperative and postoperative. 96% of patients achieved early ambulation (within 4 hours) and all tolerated the mouth before the two hours in the postoperative. There were no complications in the intraoperative; there was 1 recurrence. Conclusions: e surgical cure of inguinal hernia under local anesthesia, proved to be effective and well tolerated by the patients, providing a return almost immediately to their activities, which represents a decrease in hospital costs(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Hernia, Inguinal/diagnosis , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Nerve Block , Postoperative Care , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(2): 115-121, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897822

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The risk of systemic bupivacaine toxicity is a persistent problem, which makes its pharmacokinetic study fundamental for regional anesthesia safety. There is little evidence of its influence on plasma peak at different concentrations. The present study compares two bupivacaine concentrations to establish how the concentration affects this drug plasma peak in axillary brachial plexus block. Postoperative latency and analgesia were also compared. Methods: 30 patients were randomized. In the 0.25% Group, 0.25% bupivacaine (10 mL) was injected per nerve. In the 0.5% Group, 0.5% bupivacaine (5 mL) was injected per nerve. Peripheral blood samples were collected during the first 2 h after the blockade. For sample analyses, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used. Results: Plasma peak occurred 45 min after the blockade, with no difference between groups at the assessed time-points. Plasma peak was 933.97 ± 328.03 ng.mL−1 (mean ± SD) in 0.25% Group and 1022.79 ± 253.81 ng.mL−1 in 0.5% Group (p = 0.414). Latency was lower in 0.5% Group than in 0.25% Group (10.67 ± 3.71 × 17.33 min ± 5.30, respectively, p = 0.004). No patient had pain within the first 4 h after the blockade. Conclusion: For axillary brachial plexus block, there was no difference in bupivacaine plasma peak despite the use of different concentrations with the same local anesthetic mass. The concentration inversely influenced latency.


Resumo Introdução: O risco de intoxicação sistêmica pelo uso da bupivacaína é um problema persistente e torna seu estudo farmacocinético fundamental para a segurança da anestesia regional. São escassas as evidências sobre a influência de diferentes concentrações no pico plasmático desse fármaco. O presente estudo compara duas concentrações de bupivacaína para estabelecer como a concentração afeta o pico plasmático desse fármaco no bloqueio do plexo braquial via axilar. Também se compararam latência e analgesia pós-operatória. Métodos: Foram randomizados 30 pacientes. No Grupo 0,25%, injetaram-se 10 mL de bupivacaína 0,25% por nervo. No Grupo 0,5%, injetaram-se 5 mL de bupivacaína 0,5% por nervo. Amostras de sangue periférico foram colhidas durante as duas primeiras horas após o bloqueio. Para análise das amostras, usou-se a cromatografia líquida de alta frequência acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas. Resultados: O pico plasmático ocorreu 45 minutos após o bloqueio, sem diferença entre os grupos nos tempos avaliados. O pico plasmático (média ± DP) foi 933,97 ± 328,03 ng.mL−1 no Grupo 0,25% e 1.022,79 ± 253,81 ng.mL−1 no Grupo 0,5% (p = 0,414). O Grupo 0,5% apresentou menor latência com relação ao Grupo 0,25% (10,67 ± 3,71 × 17,33 min ± 5,30; respectivamente; p = 0,004). Nenhum paciente apresentou dor nas primeiras quatro horas após o bloqueio. Conclusão: Para o bloqueio do plexo braquial via axilar, não foi detectada diferença no pico plasmático de bupivacaína apesar do uso de diferentes concentrações, com a mesma massa de anestésico local. A concentração influenciou inversamente a latência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Brachial Plexus , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacokinetics , Nerve Block/methods , Axilla , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Prospective Studies , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(1): 42-49, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843353

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: In this study it was aimed to examine the histological and morphometric effects on cartilage structure of intra-articular application of levobupivacaine to the shoulder joint. Methods: In twenty New Zealand adult male rabbits, 35 shoulders were used for the study and prepared in 5 groups of 7. These groups were defined as Groups L1, L2, L3 and L4 which were right shoulders administered with 0.25% and 0.5% levobupivacaine, Group C which were left shoulders as the control group and Groups S1 and S2 which were left shoulders administered with 0.9% saline. On the 2nd and 15th days the animals were killed, the glenohumeral joints were evaluated macroscopically then cartilage samples were taken. These samples were evaluated with Mankin score, and histomorphometrically by measuring the thickness of the cartilage between the superficial cartilage layer and the tidemark and the thickness of calcified cartilage between the tidemark and the subchondral bone. Results: Macroscopically, on the 15th day the joint fluid was seen to have reduced in all the groups. After microscopic evaluation, the highest Mankin score (mean: 3.14 ± 2.1/14) was in the L4 group (15th day 0.5% levobupivacaine) and was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was determined between the other groups. Conclusions: Histologically, as the highest Mankin score was in the L4 group, this indicates that in a single intra-articular injection of levobupivacaine a low concentration should be selected. Level of evidence: Level 5, animal study.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivo: Neste estudo o objetivo foi examinar os efeitos histológicos e morfométricos sobre a estrutura da cartilagem da aplicação intra-articular de levobupivacaína em articulação do ombro. Métodos: Trinta e cinco ombros de 20 coelhos New Zealand, machos e adultos, foram usados para o estudo e divididos em cinco grupos de sete. Os grupos foram definidos como L1, L2, L3 e L4, consistiram em ombros direitos nos quais levobupivacaína a 0,25% e 0,5% foi administrada; o Grupo C, que consistiu em ombros esquerdos, foi o grupo controle; os grupos S1 e S2, que consistiram em ombros esquerdos, receberam solução salina a 0,9%. Os animais foram sacrificados no segundo e no 15º dia; as articulações glenoumerais foram avaliadas macroscopicamente e, em seguida, amostras de cartilagem foram coletadas. As amostras foram avaliadas com o escore de Mankin e histomorfometricamente. Mediu-se a espessura da cartilagem entre a camada superficial e a "linha de maré" (tidemark) e a espessura da cartilagem calcificada entre a tidemark e o osso subcondral. Resultados: Macroscopicamente, observou-se no 15º dia que o líquido articular havia reduzido em todos os grupos. Após a avaliação microscópica, o maior escore de Mankin (média: 3,14 ± 2,1/14) foi observado no grupo L4 (15º dia levobupivacaína a 0,5%), considerado estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,05). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi determinada entre os outros grupos. Conclusões: Histologicamente, como o maior escore de Mankin foi observado no Grupo L4, isso indica que em uma única injeção intra-articular de levobupivacaína uma concentração baixa deve ser selecionada. Nível de evidência: Nível 5, estudo em animais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Shoulder Joint/drug effects , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Cartilage, Articular/drug effects , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Rabbits , Shoulder Joint/anatomy & histology , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Cartilage, Articular/anatomy & histology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Levobupivacaine , Injections, Intra-Articular , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
6.
Guatemala; IGSS; 2017. 100 p. ilus.(Guías de práctica clínica basadas en evidencia, 54).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, IGSSMED, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1361630

ABSTRACT

Esta guía contiene definiciones y etapas del trabajo de parto, aunque no hay un patrón estándar. El trabajo puede dividirse en tres estadios, 1ro trabajo de parto dilataciòn, 2do dilataciòn cervical completa, 3ro nacimiento neonato. la analgesia epidural sus ventajas, alivio completo, menor riesgo, menos riesgo depresión en el feto, menor riesgo depresión de las fuerzas del parto. Indicaciones medicas; Pre eclampsia, afecciones cardiacas, afeciones respiratorias, enfermedades neurológicas crónicas, epilepsia. Contraindicaciones; Rechazo por la paciente, control inadecuado del feto, terapia anticougulante. espina bifida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Labor, Obstetric , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Analgesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Injections, Epidural/methods , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Labor Pain/drug therapy , Dilatation/classification , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
7.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(4): 346-350, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787624

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding sufentanil to hyperbaric bupivacaine on duration of sensory blockade of spinal anesthesia in chronic opioid users in comparison with non-addicts. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were allocated into four groups: group 1 (no history of opium use who received intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine along with 1 mL saline as placebo); group 2 (no history of opium use who received intrathecal bupivacaine along with 1 mL sufentanil [5 µg]); group 3 (positive history of opium use who received intrathecal bupivacaine along with 1 mL saline as placebo) and group 4 (positive history of opium use who received intrathecal bupivacaine along with 1 mL sufentanil [5 µg]). The onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade were measured. Results: The duration of sensory blockade in group 3 was 120 ± 23.1 min which was significantly less than other groups (G1 = 148 ± 28.7, G2 = 144 ± 26.4, G4 = 139 ± 24.7, p = 0.007). The duration of motor blockade in group 3 was 145 ± 30.0 min which was significantly less than other groups (G1 = 164 ± 36.0, G2 = 174 ± 26.8, G4 = 174 ± 24.9, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Addition of 5 µg intrathecal sufentanil to hyperbaric bupivacaine in chronic opioid users lengthened the sensory and motor duration of blockade to be equivalent to blockade measured in non-addicts.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da adição de sufentanil à bupivacaína hiperbárica na duração do bloqueio sensorial da raquianestesia em usuários crônicos de opioides em comparação com não adictos. Métodos: Foram distribuídos em quatro grupos 60 pacientes agendados para cirurgia ortopédica sob raquianestesia: Grupo 1 (sem história de uso de ópio, recebeu bupivacaína hiperbárica intratecal juntamente com 1 mL de solução salina como placebo); Grupo 2 (sem história de uso de ópio, recebeu bupivacaína intratecal juntamente com 1 mL de sufentanil [5 µg]); Grupo 3 (com história de uso de ópio, recebeu bupivacaína intratecal juntamente com 1 mL de solução salina como placebo) e Grupo 4 (com história de uso de ópio, recebeu bupivacaína intratecal juntamente com 1 mL de sufentanil [5 µg]). O tempo de início e a duração dos bloqueios sensitivo e motor foram registrados. Resultados: A duração do bloqueio sensorial no Grupo 3 foi de 120 ± 23,1 min, um tempo significativamente menor do que nos outros grupos (G1 = 148 ± 28,7, G2 = 144 ± 26,4, G4 = 139 ± 24,7, p = 0,007). A duração do bloqueio motor no Grupo 3 foi de 145 ± 30,0 min, um tempo significativamente menor do que nos outros grupos (G1 = 164 ± 36.0, G2 = 174 ± 26.8, G4 = 174 ± 24,9; p = 0,03). Conclusões: A adição de 5 µg de sufentanil intratecal à bupivacaína hiperbárica em usuários crônicos de opioides aumenta a duração dos bloqueios sensorial e motor de forma equivalente ao bloqueio avaliado em não adictos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Opium/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Sufentanil/pharmacology , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Time Factors , Chronic Disease , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Users , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(7): 486-489,
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787260

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of levobupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission and neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium in vitro. METHODS: Thirty rats were distributed into groups (n = 5) according to the drug used alone or in combination: Group I - levobupivacaine (5 µg.mL-1); Group II - pancuronium (2 µg.mL-1); Group III - pancuronium (2 µg.mL-1) + levobupivacaine (5µg.mL-1). The following parameters were evaluated: 1) amplitude of diaphragmatic response to indirect stimulation, before and 60 minutes after the addition of levobupivacaine and pancuronium alone, and after the addition of levobupivacaine combined with pancuronium; 2) membrane potentials (MP) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPP). RESULTS: Levobupivacaine alone did not alter the amplitude of muscle response and MP. In preparations previoulsy exposed to levobupivacaine, the block with pancuronium was significantly denser (90.2 ± 15.2%), showing a significant difference (p=0.031) in comparison to the block produced by pancuronium alone (48.9% ± 9.8%). There was a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of MEPPs. CONCLUSION: Levobupivacaine potentiated the neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium, confirming a presynaptic action by a decrease in miniature endplate potentials.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Pancuronium/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Neuromuscular Blockade , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Diaphragm/drug effects , Diaphragm/innervation , Rats, Wistar , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/pharmacology , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , Models, Animal , Drug Therapy, Combination , Electric Stimulation/methods , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Membrane Potentials/physiology , Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
9.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(7): 484-490, 07/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-754985

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study racemic bupivacaine, non-racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine on myocardial contractility. METHODS: Isolated Wistar papillary muscles were submitted to 50 and 100 mM racemic bupivacaine (B50 and B100), non-racemic bupivacaine (NR50 and NR100) and ropivacaine (R50 and R100) intoxication. Isometric contraction data were obtained in basal condition (0.2 Hz), after increasing the frequency of stimulation to 1.0 Hz and after 5, 10 and 15 min of local anesthetic intoxication. Data were analyzed as relative changes of variation. RESULTS: Developed tension was higher with R100 than B100 at D1 (4.3 ± 41.1 vs -57.9 ± 48.1). Resting tension was altered with B50 (-10.6 ± 23.8 vs -4.7 ± 5.0) and R50 (-14.0 ± 20.5 vs -0.5 ± 7.1) between D1 and D3. Maximum rate of tension development was lower with B100 (-56.6 ± 38.0) than R50 (-6.3 ± 37.9) and R100 (-1.9 ± 37.2) in D1. B50, B100 and NR100 modified the maximum rate of tension decline from D1 through D2. Time to peak tension was changed with NR50 between D1 and D2. CONCLUSIONS: Racemic bupivacaine depressed myocardial contractile force more than non-racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Non-racemic and racemic bupivacaine caused myocardial relaxation impairment more than ropivacaine. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Amides/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Myocardial Contraction/drug effects , Bupivacaine/chemistry , Depression, Chemical , Muscle Tonus/drug effects , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Papillary Muscles/drug effects , Papillary Muscles/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Stereoisomerism , Time Factors
10.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 19(3): 167-176, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751381

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is characterized by anterior knee pain, which may limit the performance of functional activities. The influence of hip joint motion on the development of this syndrome has already been documented in the literature. In this regard, studies have investigated the effectiveness of hip muscle strengthening in patients with PFPS. Objectives: The aims of this systematic review were (1) to summarize the literature related to the effects of hip muscle strengthening on pain intensity, muscle strength, and function in individuals with PFPS and (2) to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. Method: A search for randomized controlled clinical trials was conducted using the following databases: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO. The selected studies had to distinguish the effects of hip muscle strengthening in a group of patients with PFPS, as compared to non-intervention or other kinds of intervention, and had to investigate the following outcomes: pain, muscle strength, and function. The methodological quality of the selected studies was analyzed by means of the PEDro scale. Results: Seven studies were selected. These studies demonstrated that hip muscle strengthening was effective in reducing pain. However, the studies disagreed regarding the treatments' ability to improve muscle strength. Improvement in functional capabilities after hip muscle strengthening was found in five studies. Conclusion: Hip muscle strengthening is effective in reducing the intensity of pain and improving functional capabilities in patients with PFPS, despite the lack of evidence for its ability to increase muscle strength. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Afferent Pathways/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Neuronal Plasticity/physiology , Nociception/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Skin/innervation , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/drug effects , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Neural Conduction/drug effects , Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects , Nociception/drug effects , Physical Stimulation/adverse effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism , Reflex/drug effects , Somatostatin/metabolism , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
12.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2015 Jan-Mar ; 18(1): 15-20
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-156494

ABSTRACT

Background: Median sternotomy, sternal spreading, and sternal wiring are the main causes of pain during the early recovery phase following cardiac surgery. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of continuous presternal bupivacaine infusion through a single catheter after parasternal block following cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: The total of 40 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologist status II, III), 45–60 years old, undergoing coronary – artery bypass grafting were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double‑blind study. A presternal catheter was inserted with continuous infusion of 5 mL/h bupivacaine 0.25% (Group B) or normal saline (Group C) during the first 48 postoperative hrs. Primary outcomes were postoperative morphine requirements and pain scores, secondary outcomes were extubation time, postoperative respiratory parameters, incidence of wound infection, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay duration, and bupivacaine level in blood. Statistical Methods: Student’s t‑test was used to analyze the parametric data and Chi‑square test for categorical variables. Results: During the postoperative 48 h, there was marked reduction in morphine requirements in Group B compared to Group C, (8.6 ± 0.94 mg vs. 18.83 ± 3.4 mg respectively, P = 0.2), lower postoperative pain scores, shorter extubation time (117 ± 10 min vs. 195 ± 19 min, respectively, P = 0.03), better respiratory parameters (PaO2/ FiO2, PaCO2 and pH), with no incidence of wound infection, no differences in ICU or hospital stay duration. The plasma concentration of bupivacaine remained below the toxic threshold (at T24, 1.2 ug/ml ± 0.3 and T48 h 1.7 ± 0.3 ug/ml). Conclusion: Continuous presternal bupivacaine infusion has resulted in better postoperative analgesia, reduction in morphine requirements, shorter time to extubation, and better postoperative respiratory parameters than the control group.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Analgesics/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Female , Humans , Male , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Sternotomy/methods , Sternum/surgery , Thorax/surgery
13.
Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care. 2015; 19 (2): 141-146
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-166444

ABSTRACT

The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and duration of analgesia of caudally administered 0.2% ropivacaine with 0.2% bupivacaine along with recovery of motor and sensory blockade in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery. In this prospective, double blind study, 60 pediatric patients planned for infraumblical surgery, of ASA grade I or II, were randomly allocated in two different groups to receive 1 ml/kg of either 0.2% ropivacaine [Group A] or 0.2% bupivacaine [Group B] via caudal route after induction of general anesthesia. Objective pain score [OPS] and total duration of analgesia along with rescue analgesia were compared in both the groups. Recovery of motor and sensory blockade was also noted. The results were analyzed statistically using student's paired t-test for intergroup comparison and chi square test for nonparametric data or complications. Both the groups were comparable regarding age, weight, sex distribution and duration of surgery. Patients remained hemodynamically stable during intraoperative period in both the groups. The maximum mean sedation score at the beginning of the stay in the recovery room was 0.60 +/- 0.67 and 0.67 +/- 0.71 in Group A and B respectively. Though the OPS were marginally higher in Group B ascompared to Group A but the differences in total duration and quality of analgesia were not statistically significant. Average duration of analgesia was 390.2 +/- 35.16 min and 377.0 +/- 34.41 min in Group A and B respectively. However, motor recovery was faster in ropivacaine group with MPS of 10.00 +/- 0.00 incomparison to 8.80 +/- 0.99 in bupivacaine group [P value <0.01] at 2 hours in postoperative period. Caudal ropivacaine 0.2% is equally effective local anesthetic agent when compared to caudal bupivacaine 0.2% in terms of postoperative analgesia, but with faster motor recovery in pediatric patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Amides/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Prospective Studies , Double-Blind Method , Analgesia , Pediatrics
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 28(11): 774-777, Nov. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695957

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the probable actions of ropivacaine, 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine mixture (S75-R25) and levobupivacaine on neuromuscular transmission in vitro. METHODS: Thirty rats were distributed into groups (n=5) according to the drug used: ropivacaine, bupivacaine (S75-R25) and levobupivacaine. The concentration used for the three local anesthetics (LA) was 5 µg.mL.-1The following parameters were evaluated: 1) LA effects on membrane potential (MP) and miniature end plate potential (MEPP). A chick biventer cervicis preparation was also used to evaluate LA effects on the contracture response to acetylcholine. RESULTS: LA did not alter MP values and decreased the frequency and amplitude of MEPP. In a chick biventer cervicis preparation, bupivacaine (S75-R25) and levobupivacaine decreased the contracture response to acetylcholine with statistical significance, in comparison to ropivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: In the concentrations used, levobupivacaine and bupivacaine (S75-R25) exhibited presynaptic and postsynaptic actions evidenced by alterations in miniature end plate potentials and contracture response to acetylcholine. Ropivacaine only had a presynaptic action.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Amides/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Synapses/drug effects , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Acetylcholine/administration & dosage , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Amides/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Synapses/physiology , Synaptic Transmission/physiology
15.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 63(2): 202-208, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-671562

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS E JUSTIFICATIVA: Nosso estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de bupivacaína e levobupivacaína na duração das dispersões do QT, QT corrigido (QTc) e da onda P durante raquianestesia em cesariana. MÉTODOS: Sessenta parturientes programadas para cesariana eletiva ASA I-II foram incluídas no estudo. Exames eletrocardiográficos (ECG) foram feitos após a entrada das pacientes na sala de operação. Frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial não invasiva (PANI), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e frequência respiratória (RR) foram registradas. Para o acesso venoso, uma cânula de calibre 18G foi usada. A pré-carga de líquidos foi feita com solução de Ringer com lactato (10 mL.kg-1). Após a pré-carga de líquidos, um segundo exame eletrocardiográfico foi feito e as pacientes foram designadas aleatoriamente para dois grupos. O Grupo B (n = 30) recebeu 10 mg de bupivacaína e o Grupo L (n = 30) recebeu 10 mg de levobupivacaína para raquianestesia. Exames ECG foram repetidos nos minutos um, cinco e 10 após a anestesia. FC, PANI, SpO2, FR e os níveis de bloqueio sensorial também foram registrados nos mesmos intervalos de tempo. Em intervalos de tempo pré-determinados de raquianestesia, as durações da dispersão da onda P (OPd), QT (QTd) e QTc (QTcd) foram medidas a partir dos registros do ECG. As durações de QT e QTc foram calculadas com a fórmula de Bazzett. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos quanto aos níveis de bloqueio, parâmetros hemodinâmicos, OPd, QTd, QTc e QTcd. CONCLUSÃO: Levobupivacaína e bupivacaína podem ser os anestésicos de escolha para raquianestesia em grávidas com dispersões prolongadas da OPd e QTcd no período pré-operatório.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In our study we aimed to investigate the effect of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine on QT, corrected QT (QTc), and P wave dispersion durations during spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. METHODS: Sixty parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section in ASA I-II risk groups were included in the study. Baseline electrocardiographic (ECG) records of the patients were obtained in the operation room. Heart rate (HR), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiration rates (RR) were recorded. Venous cannulation was performed with 18G cannula and fluid preload made with 10 mL.kg-1. Lactated Ringer solution. After fluid preload, second ECG recordings were taken and the patients were randomly separated into two groups. Group B (n = 30) received 10 mg of bupivacaine and Group L (n = 30) received 10 mg of levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. ECG recordings were repeated at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after spinal block. HR, NIBP, SpO2 , RR and sensory block levels were also recorded at the same time intervals. At predetermined time intervals of spinal anesthesia, P wave dispersion (Pwd), QT dispersion (QTd), and QTc dispersion (QTcd) durations were measured from ECG records. QT and QTc durations are calculated with Bazzett formula. RESULTS: There was no difference between two groups according to block levels, hemodynamic parameters, Pwd, QTd, QTc and QTcd durations. CONCLUSION: Bupivacaine and levobupivacaine may be preferred in spinal anesthesia in pregnant patients who have extended Pwd and QTcd preoperatively.


OBJETIVOS Y JUSTIFICATIVA: Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de la bupivacaína y la levobupivacaína en la duración de las dispersiones del QT, QT corregido (QTc) y de la onda P durante la raquianestesia en cesárea. MÉTODOS: Sesenta parturientes programadas para cesárea electiva en grupos de riesgo ASA I-II fueron incluidas en el estudio. Los exámenes electrocardiográficos (ECG) se hicieron después de la entrada de las pacientes al quirófano. Se registraron la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial no invasiva (PANI), saturación periférica de oxígeno (SpO2) y frecuencia respiratoria (RR). Para el acceso venoso, se usó una cánula de calibre 18. La precarga de líquidos fue hecha con una solución de Ringer con lactato (10 mL.kg-1). Después de la precarga de líquidos, un segundo examen electrocardiográfico se hizo y las pacientes fueron designadas aleatoriamente para dos grupos. El Grupo B (n = 30) recibió 10 mg de bupivacaína y el Grupo L (n = 30) recibió 10 mg de levobupivacaína para la raquianestesia. Los exámenes ECG se repitieron en los minutos 1, 5 y 10 después de la anestesia. FC, PANI, SpO2, FR y los niveles de bloqueo sensorial también fueron registrados en los mismos intervalos de tiempo. En intervalos de tiempo predeterminados de raquianestesia, las duraciones de la dispersión de la onda P (OPd), QT (QTd) y QTc (QTcd) fueron medidas a partir de los registros del ECG. Las duraciones de QT y QTc fueron calculadas con la fórmula de Bazzett. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencia entre los dos grupos en cuanto a los niveles de bloqueo, parámetros hemodinámicos, OPd, QTd, QTc y QTcd. CONCLUSIONES: La levobupivacaína y la bupivacaína pueden ser los anestésicos de elección para la raquianestesia en las embarazadas con dispersiones prolongadas de la OPd y QTcd en el período preoperatorio.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Anesthesia, Spinal , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Cesarean Section , Electrocardiography/drug effects , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies
16.
Acta Medica Iranica. 2013; 51 (7): 438-443
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-138252

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of spinal block with low dose of bupivacaine and sufentanil on patients with low cardiac output who underwent lower limb surgery. Fifteen patients who had ejection fraction less than 40% [group 1] were compared with 65 cases with ejection fraction more than 40% [group 2] in our study. Our subjects underwent spinal block with 7.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 5 micro g sufentanil. We recorded early events such as hypotension, bradycardia, vasopressor need and ST segment change in our cases. The average mean arterial pressure decreased 13% [110 mmHg to 95.7 mmHg] in group 1 and 20% [160 mmHg to 128 mmHg] in group 2 [P<0.001]. Hypotension due to spinal anesthesia was observed in none of our subjects in both groups and none of our cases need to vasopressor support. All patients remained alert, and no ST segment changes were observed in two groups. In our study none of subjects complained of pain intraoperatively. The subjects were without complaints during the spinal anesthetic in both groups. Spinal block with low dose local anesthetic and sufentanil was a safe and effective method for lower limb surgery in patients with low ejection fraction


Subject(s)
Humans , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Sufentanil/pharmacology , Stroke Volume , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Anesthetics, Local , Lower Extremity/surgery
17.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 62(6): 804-810, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-659011

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar os efeitos da solução salina, da bupivacaína, lidocaína e da infiltração de tramadol na cicatrização de feridas em ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta e dois ratos Wistar machos albinos foram alocados aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, que receberam 3 mL de solução salina no grupo controle (Grupo C, n = 8); 3 mL de lidocaína a 2% (Grupo L, n = 8); 3 mL de bupivacaína a 0,5% (Grupo B, n = 8) e 3 mL de tramadol a 5% (Grupo T, n = 8). As medidas de tensão de ruptura, contagem de fibras de colágeno e avaliação histopatológica foram avaliadas nas amostras de tecido retiradas dos ratos. RESULTADOS: A comparação do grupo controle com os grupos onde bupivacaína e lidocaína foram usadas para infiltração da ferida mostrou que nestes últimos a produção de colágeno foi menor e a resistência na tensão de ruptura, enquanto se observou edema mais intenso, vascularização e escores de inflamação significantes (p < 0,0125). Entre o grupo controle e o grupo tramadol não houve diferenças significativas na produção de colágeno, tensão de ruptura e edema, vascularização, e escores de inflamação (p > 0,0125). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, verificou-se que tanto bupivacaína como lidocaína reduziram a produção de colágeno, resistência à ruptura da cicatriz e causaram edema, vascularização e inflamação significantes quando comparadas com o grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e tramadol para estas variáveis. Os resultados deste estudo experimental preliminar em ratos indicam que o tramadol pode ser utilizado para a anestesia por infiltração em incisões sem efeitos adversos sobre o processo de cicatrização cirúrgica. Estes resultados precisam ser verificados em seres humanos.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of saline solution, bupivacaine, lidocaine and tramadol infiltration on wound healing in rats. METHOD: Thirty-two male Wistar Albino rats were randomly separated into four groups, receiving 3 mL saline solution in control group (Group C, n = 8), 3 mL of 2% lidocaine in lidocaine group (Group L, n = 8), 3 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine in bupivacaine group (Group B, n = 8), and 3 mL of 5% tramadol in tramadol group (Group T, n = 8). Breaking-strength measurements, collagen bundle counting, and histopathologic evaluation were evaluated in the tissue samples taken from the rats. RESULTS: Comparing the control group with the groups where bupivacaine and lidocaine were used for wound infiltration, collagen production was lower, breaking-strength measurements showed reduced resistance while significantly high edema, vascularity, inflammation scores were found (p < 0.0125). Between the control and the tramadol group there were no significant differences in collagen production, breaking-strength measurements, and edema, vascularity, inflammation scores (p > 0.0125). CONCLUSION: In our study, we found bupivacaine and lidocaine reduced the collagen production, wound breaking strength, and caused significantly high scores for edema, vascularity, and inflammation when compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the control and the tramadol group. Results of this experimental preliminary study on rats support the idea that tramadol can be used for wound infiltration anesthesia without adverse effect on the surgical healing process. These results need to be verified in humans.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de la solución salina, de la bupivacaína, lidocaína y de la infiltración de tramadol en la cicatrización de heridas en ratones. MÉTODOS: Treinta y dos ratones Wistar machos albinos fueron ubicados aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos que recibieron 3 mL de solución salina en el grupo control (grupo C, n = 8); 3 mL de lidocaína al 2% (grupo L, n = 8); 3 mL de bupivacaína al 0,5% (grupo B, n = 8) y 3 mL de tramadol al 5% (grupo T, n = 8). Las medidas de tensión de ruptura, conteo de fibras de colágeno y evaluación histopatológica se evaluaron en las muestras de tejido retiradas de los ratones. RESULTADOS: La comparación del grupo control con los grupos donde la bupivacaína y la lidocaína fueron usadas para la infiltración de la herida mostró que en esos últimos, la producción de colágeno fue menor, junto con la resistencia en la tensión de ruptura, mientras se observó un edema más intenso, vascularización y puntajes de inflamación significativos (p < 0,0125). Entre el grupo control y el grupo tramadol no hubo diferencias significativas en la producción de colágeno, tensión de ruptura y edema, vascularización y puntaje de inflamación (p > 0,0125). CONCLUSIÓN: En este estudio, verificamos que tanto la bupivacaína como la lidocaína redujeron la producción de colágeno, la resistencia a la ruptura de la cicatriz y causaron edema, vascularización e inflamación significativas cuando se les comparó con el grupo control. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos control y tramadol para estas variables. Los resultados de este estudio experimental preliminar en ratones indican que el tramadol puede ser utilizado para la anestesia por infiltración en incisiones, sin efectos adversos sobre el proceso de cicatrización quirúrgica. Esos resultados necesitan ser verificados en los seres humanos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Tramadol/pharmacology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anesthesia, Local , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Tramadol/administration & dosage
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 62(6): 815-819, nov.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-659012

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Um número considerável de pacientes relata dor após coleta de enxerto da crista ilíaca anterior. Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da aplicação de bupivacaína embebida em uma esponja de gelatina absorvível (Gelfoam®) no local doador de osso e do uso parenteral de opioides no controle da dor pós-operatória. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego, randomizado e controlado por placebo comparando a infiltração no período intraoperatório de 20 mL de bupivacaína (tratamento, grupo B) versus soro fisiológico (placebo) com Gelfoam embebida no local de coleta óssea da crista ilíaca em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de coluna cervical. No período pós-operatório, a administração de cloridrato de hidromorfona (na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica e analgesia controlada pelo paciente) foi padronizada. Um escore de dor com base em escala visual analógica (EVA) com pontuação de zero a 10 foi usado para avaliar a intensidade da dor associada ao local doador. Os escores de dor e uso/frequência de narcóticos foram registrados 24 e 48 horas após a operação. Os médicos, pacientes, a equipe de enfermagem e os estatísticos desconheciam o tratamento usado. RESULTADOS: Os grupos eram semelhantes em idade, gênero e comorbidades. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nos escores da EVA. As doses de narcótico foram significativamente menores no grupo B nos tempos de 24 e 48 horas (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou que bupivacaína embebida em esponja de gelatina absorvível no local de coleta do enxerto ósseo de crista ilíaca (EOCI) reduziu o uso parenteral de opioides no pós-operatório.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A substantial number of patients report pain after graft harvest from the anterior iliac crest. This study examined the efficacy of local application of bupivacaine soaked in a Gelfoam® at the bone donor site in controlling postoperative pain and parenteral opioid use. METHOD: We performed a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comparing intraoperative infiltration of 20 mililiters of bupivacaine (treatment, group B) versus saline (placebo), with Gelfoam® soaked into the iliac crest harvest site for patients undergoing elective cervical spinal surgery. Postoperative administration of dihydromorphinone hydrochloride (post anesthesia care unit and patient-controlled analgesia) was standardized. A pain score based on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). was used to assess the severity of pain associated with donor site. Pain scores and narcotic use/frequency were recorded at the twenty-four and forty-eighth hour after the operation. Physicians, patients, nursing staff, and statisticians were blinded to the treatment. RESULTS: The groups were similar in baseline age, gender, and comorbidities. There was no significant difference between groups in VAS scores. Narcotic dosage, were significantly less in the Group B at 24 and 48 hours (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that bupivacaine soaked in gelfoam at the iliac bone graft harvest site reduced postoperative parenteral opioid usage.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Un número considerable de pacientes relata sentir dolor después de la recolección del injerto de la cresta ilíaca anterior. Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de la aplicación de bupivacaina empapada en una esponja de gelatina absorbible (Gelfoam®) en la región donadora del hueso y el uso parenteral de opioides en el control del dolor postoperatorio. MÉTODO: Realizamos un estudio prospectivo, doble ciego, aleatorio y controlado por placebo, comparando la infiltración en el período intraoperatorio de 20 mL de bupivacaina (tratamiento, grupo B) versus suero fisiológico (placebo) con Gelfoam empapado dentro de la región de la recolección ósea de la cresta ilíaca, en pacientes sometidos a la cirugía electiva de la columna cervical. En el período postoperatorio, la administración de clorhidrato de hidromorfona (unidad de recuperación y analgesia controlada por el paciente) se estandarizó. Un puntaje de dolor con base en la escala visual analógica (EVA) y un puntaje de 0 a 10 fueron usados para evaluar la intensidad del dolor asociada con la región donadora. Los puntajes de dolor y el uso/frecuencia de narcóticos se registraron 24 y 48 horas después de la operación. Los médicos, pacientes, el equipo de enfermería y los estadísticos no conocían el tratamiento usado. RESULTADOS: Los grupos eran similares en edad, sexo y comorbilidades. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en los puntajes de la EVA. Las dosis de narcótico fueron significativamente menores en el grupo B en los tiempos de 24 y 48 horas (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio demostró que la bupivacaina empapada en esponja de gelatina absorbible en la región de recolección del injerto óseo de la cresta ilíaca (EOCI) redujo el uso parenteral de opioides en el postoperatorio.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable , Hemostatics , Ilium/drug effects , Ilium/transplantation , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Double-Blind Method , Drug Delivery Systems , Prospective Studies
19.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 62(6): 781-787, nov.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-659009

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A associação de anestésicos locais (AL) a adjuvantes por via subaracnóidea melhora a qualidade do bloqueio e prolonga a duração da analgesia. Foram avaliados os efeitos maternos e as repercussões neonatais da associação de sufentanil, morfina e clonidina à bupivacaína hiperbárica em cesariana eletiva. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, encoberto, com 96 pacientes distribuídas em quatro grupos: GI (sem adjuvante); GII (sufentanil; 5,0 µg); GIII (morfina; 100 µg); e GIV (clonidina; 75 µg). Foram avaliados: início e nível de bloqueio sensitivo; analgesia peroperatória; grau e tempo para regressão do bloqueio motor; duração da analgesia; sedação; repercussões materno-fetais. RESULTADOS: O início do bloqueio foi significativamente menor nos grupos com adjuvantes em comparação com o Grupo I. No peroperatório, pacientes dos Grupos I e III referiram dor. A duração da analgesia foi significativamente maior no Grupo II e o tempo para desbloqueio motor foi significativamente maior no Grupo IV. Prurido ocorreu nos grupos II e III. A sedação foi significativa no Grupo IV. A hipotensão arterial foi prolongada no Grupo IV. CONCLUSÃO: A adição de sufentanil e clonidina à bupivacaína hiperbárica proporcionou adequada anestesia para cesariana e boa analgesia pós-operatória. A clonidina causou mais sedação peroperatória e maior tempo para desbloqueio motor. O prurido foi evidente quando do emprego de opioides.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Combination of local anesthetics (LA) with adjuvants for spinal anesthesia improves block quality and prolongs the duration of analgesia. It was evaluated the maternal effects and neonatal repercussions of sufentanil, morphine, and clonidine combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective cesarean section. METHOD: Prospective, randomized, blinded study of 96 patients allocated into four groups: Group I (no adjuvant), Group II (sufentanil 5.0 µg), Group III (morphine 100 µg), and Group IV (clonidine 75 µg). It was evaluated the onset and level of sensory block, perioperative analgesia, degree and recovery time of motor block, duration of analgesia, sedation, and maternal-fetal repercussions. RESULTS: The onset of blockade was significantly faster in groups with adjuvants compared with Group I. Patients in Groups I and III reported pain during the perioperative period. Duration of analgesia was significantly higher in Group II and time to motor block recovery was significantly higher in Group IV. Pruritus occurred in Groups II and III. Sedation was significant in Group IV and there was prolonged arterial hypotension in Group IV. CONCLUSION: Addition of sufentanil and clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine provided adequate anesthesia for cesarean section and good postoperative analgesia. Clonidine caused more perioperative sedation and longer time to motor block recovery. Pruritus was evident when opioids were used.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La asociación de anestésicos locales (AL) a adyuvantes por vía subaracnoidea mejora la calidad del bloqueo y prolonga la duración de la analgesia. Se evaluaron los efectos maternos y las repercusiones neonatales de la asociación de sufentanil, morfina y clonidina a la bupivacaina hiperbárica en la cesárea electiva. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, randomizado, encubierto, con 96 pacientes distribuidas en cuatro grupos: GI (sin adyuvante); GII (sufentanil; 5,0 µg); GIII (morfina; 100 µg); y GIV (clonidina; 75 µg). Se evaluaron: el inicio y el nivel de bloqueo sensitivo; analgesia peroperatoria; el grado y el tiempo para la regresión del bloqueo motor; la duración de la analgesia; la sedación; y las repercusiones materno-fetales. RESULTADOS: El inicio del bloqueo fue significativamente menor en los grupos con adyuvantes en comparación con el Grupo I. En el perioperatorio, los pacientes de los Grupos I y III dijeron sentir dolor. La duración de la analgesia fue significativamente mayor en el Grupo II y el tiempo para el desbloqueo motor fue significativamente mayor en el Grupo IV. El prurito apareció en los grupos II y III. La sedación fue significativa en el Grupo IV. La hipotensión arterial se prolongó en el Grupo IV. CONCLUSIONES: La adición de sufentanil y clonidina a la bupivacaina hiperbárica proporcionó una adecuada anestesia para la cesárea como también una buena analgesia postoperatoria. La clonidina causó más sedación perioperatoria y un mayor tiempo para el desbloqueo motor. El prurito fue evidente cuando se usaron los opioides.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Cesarean Section/instrumentation , Anesthesia, Spinal/instrumentation , Prospective Studies , Clonidine/pharmacology , Sufentanil/pharmacology , Drug Compounding , Morphine/pharmacology
20.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 62(2): 228-234, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618207

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A duração do efeito dos anestésicos locais (AL) pode ser ampliada pela sua incorporação aos sistemas de liberação prolongada como microesferas. No entanto, a possibilidade de que os sistemas de liberação prolongada de AL sejam neurotóxicos não tem recebido a devida atenção na literatura. Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar os efeitos de microesferas de ácido poliláctico-co-glicólico puras, preenchidas com bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50 por cento ou com bupivacaína (BP), assim como os efeitos da bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50 por cento em nervo ciático de ratos Wistar. MÉTODO: Os ratos foram alocados em quatro grupos de acordo com o tempo de avaliação (dois, quatro, seis e oito dias) e denominados conforme a solução injetada sobre o nervo ciático: microsferas com bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50 por cento (MBE), microesferas com bupivacaína (MB); microesferas puras (MP) e bupivacaína em excesso enantiomérico de 50 por cento (BE). RESULTADOS: Nos cortes histológicos semifinos observou-se distribuição regular homogênea nas fibras de colágeno no endoneuro e nenhuma alteração degenerativa dos axônios ou das bainhas de mielina foi constatada. Nos cortes ultrafinos foram observados axônios mielinizados e fibras de Remak de aspecto normal com axoplasma apresentando distribuição homogênea de neurofilamentos e microtúbulos. A análise histomorfométrica dos axônios não revelou diferença significativa entre os diâmetros dos axônios dos grupos estudados.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The duration of Local Anesthetic (LA) effects can be expanded by its incorporation into systems of sustained release microspheres. However, the possibility that LA sustained release systems are neurotoxic has not received due attention in literature. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pure microspheres of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), filled with 50 percent enantiomeric excess bupivacaine or bupivacaine (BP), as well as the effects of 50 percent enantiomeric excess bupivacaine in the sciatic nerve of Wistar rats. METHODS: The rats were allocated into four groups according to the evaluation time (two, four, six, and eight days) and nominated according to the injected solution on the sciatic nerve: Microspheres with 50 percent Enantiomeric excess Bupivacaine (MEB), Microspheres with Bupivacaine (MB), Pure Microspheres (PM), and 50 percent Enantiomeric excess Bupivacaine (EB). RESULTS: In semi-fine histologic sections, no regular homogeneous distribution of collagen fibers in the endoneurium or degenerative changes of axons and myelin sheaths were observed. In ultrathin sections, we found myelinated axons and normal Remak fibers with axoplasm showing homogeneous distribution of neurofilaments and microtubules. Histomorphometric analysis of axons revealed no significant difference between the axon diameters of the studied groups.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La duración del efecto de los anestésicos locales (AL), puede ser ampliada por su incorporación a los sistemas de liberación prolongada como microesferas. Sin embargo, la posibilidad de que los sistemas de liberación prolongada de AL sean neurotóxicos, no ha recibido la debida atención en la literatura. Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de investigar los efectos de microesferas de ácido poliláctico-co-glicólico puras, rellenados con bupivacaína en exceso enantiomérico de 50 por ciento o con bupivacaína (BP), como también los efectos de la bupivacaína en exceso enantiomérico de 50 por ciento en nervio ciático de ratones Wistar. MÉTODO: Los ratones se dividieron en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con el tiempo de evaluación (dos, cuatro, seis y ocho días), y fueron denominados conforme a la solución inyectada sobre el nervio ciático: microesferas con bupivacaína en exceso enantiomérico de 50 por ciento (MBE), microesferas con bupivacaína (MB); microesferas puras (MP) y bupivacaína en exceso enantiomérico de 50 por ciento (BE). RESULTADOS: En los cortes semifinos se observó la distribución regular homogénea en las fibras de colágeno en el endoneuro y no se comprobó ninguna alteración degenerativa de los axones o de las vainas de mielina. En los cortes ultrafinos fueron observados axones mielinizados y fibras de Remak de aspecto normal con axoplasma presentando una distribución homogénea de neurofilamentos y microtúbulos. El análisis histomorfométrico de los axones no reveló diferencias significativas entre los diámetros de los axones de los grupos estudiados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Microspheres , Sciatic Nerve/drug effects , Toxicity Tests, Acute , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve/pathology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL